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Accepted for/Published in: JMIR Human Factors

Date Submitted: May 21, 2025
Open Peer Review Period: Jun 11, 2025 - Aug 6, 2025
Date Accepted: Mar 27, 2026
(closed for review but you can still tweet)

The final, peer-reviewed published version of this preprint can be found here:

Support, Monitoring, and Reminder Technology for Mild Dementia (SMART4MD) for People With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Their Informal Caregivers: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

Ghani Z, Jarl J, Anderberg P, Berglund JS, Aparicio MQ, Barnestein-Fonseca P, Cellek S, Cleries FM, Garolera M, Guerrero-Pertiñez G, Hayden K, Moore C, Zhang J, Trepel D, Saha S

Support, Monitoring, and Reminder Technology for Mild Dementia (SMART4MD) for People With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Their Informal Caregivers: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

JMIR Hum Factors 2026;13:e77808

DOI: 10.2196/77808

PMID: 42172614

Warning: This is an author submission that is not peer-reviewed or edited. Preprints - unless they show as "accepted" - should not be relied on to guide clinical practice or health-related behavior and should not be reported in news media as established information.

Support, Monitoring and Reminder Technology for Mild Dementia (SMART4MD) for people with mild cognitive impairment and their informal caregivers: a cost-effectiveness analysis

  • Zartashia Ghani; 
  • Johan Jarl; 
  • Peter Anderberg; 
  • Johan Sanmartin Berglund; 
  • Maria Quintana Aparicio; 
  • Pilar Barnestein-Fonseca; 
  • Selim Cellek; 
  • Fermín Mayoral Cleries; 
  • Maite Garolera; 
  • Gloria Guerrero-Pertiñez; 
  • Karen Hayden; 
  • Carmel Moore; 
  • Jufen Zhang; 
  • Dominic Trepel; 
  • Sanjib Saha

ABSTRACT

The study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of a customised, tablet-based application (SMART4MD) which is developed to support people living with mild cognitive impairment and their informal caregivers. In a pragmatic randomized controlled trial, people with mild cognitive impairment (PwMCI) and their informal caregivers were randomised to intervention and control groups. Healthcare costs, quality-adjusted life years (QALY), incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were measured (ICER) in 345 Swedish PwMCI and their informal caregivers and 347 Spanish PwMCI. The analysis showed higher incremental costs and lower QALYs for Swedish PwMCI than controls whereas higher incremental costs and higher QALYs were observed for Spanish PwMCI. The intervention was found to be not cost-effective for the Swedish informal caregivers with an ICER of €78,000/QALY. The varying findings regarding cost-effectiveness for PwMCI in Sweden and Spain necessitate further research with extended follow-up, ideally involving an increased sample size and conducted in different national contexts.


 Citation

Please cite as:

Ghani Z, Jarl J, Anderberg P, Berglund JS, Aparicio MQ, Barnestein-Fonseca P, Cellek S, Cleries FM, Garolera M, Guerrero-Pertiñez G, Hayden K, Moore C, Zhang J, Trepel D, Saha S

Support, Monitoring, and Reminder Technology for Mild Dementia (SMART4MD) for People With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Their Informal Caregivers: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

JMIR Hum Factors 2026;13:e77808

DOI: 10.2196/77808

PMID: 42172614

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