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MEDICINE BEYOND MACHINES: A VIEWPOINT ON THE ART OF THINKING IN THE AGE OF AI
Isabella B. B. Ferreira;
Rodrigo C. Menezes;
Luis Cláudio L. Correia;
Bruno B. Andrade
ABSTRACT
The widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) is reshaping clinical decision-making by influencing not only data interpretation but also the cognitive structure of medical reasoning. While these tools enhance diagnostic capacity and streamline workflows, misuse may diminish critical, contextual, and humanized thinking, reducing physicians to passive validators of algorithmic outputs. This article explores the evolution of medical cognition and proposes strategies for integrating AI in ways that preserve cognitive autonomy, such as structuring information, reducing bias, and strengthening metacognition. We argue that AI should serve as a "cognitive stethoscope", a tool that refines reasoning without compromising its essence.
Citation
Please cite as:
Ferreira IBB, Menezes RC, Correia LCL, Andrade BB
Medicine Beyond Machines: Viewpoint on the Art of Thinking in the Age of AI