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Generative AI Use by Physicians and Nurses in Sweden: Development of a National Cross-sectional Survey
ABSTRACT
Background:
Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is being increasingly applied in clinical practice, yet large-scale, nationally representative studies on healthcare professionals’ experiences with it are still limited.
Objective:
To describe the development, design, and implementation of a national survey of healthcare professionals in Sweden on their use of GenAI.
Methods:
A survey module on GenAI use and opinions was embedded within the Longitudinal Occupational Health survey in Health Care Sweden (LOHHCS) in 2025, which polls a nationally representative, stratified cohort of verified physicians and nurses. A total of 9,401 physicians and 9,404 nurses were sampled from the Swedish national educational and occupational registers and were invited to participate in the study. Data were collected through targeted advertisement in a mixed-mode approach. The GenAI Module comprised 26 items asking about attitudes, perceived impact and use of GenAI. The dataset underwent data quality assessment, including survey logic checks and missing data analysis for the identification of low-effort responses. The final dataset was described through descriptive statistics.
Results:
After removing low-effort responses, a total of 3,025 physicians (32.4%) and 2,874 nurses (31.7%) responded to the survey. Across both respondent groups, most were women (physicians: 57.72%; nurses: 89.74%). Mean age was comparable: 46.89 years for physicians and 49.49 years for nurses. The largest place of employment for physicians was primary care (37.23%) and for nurses, non-university hospitals (30.60%). Most respondents had over 15 years of clinical practice experience (physicians: 48.69%; nurses: 61.90%). Both nurses and physicians in our sample were comparable to the national populations in terms of gender and age bracket distributions.
Conclusions:
The study presents the development, implementation, and quality assessment of a nationally representative survey on physicians’ and nurses’ adoption and perspectives on GenAI in Sweden. The resulting dataset offers a foundation for subsequent analyses of how healthcare professionals engage with GenAI, and can inform future research on implementation strategies and policy development. Clinical Trial: Not applicable.
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