JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

Cyber disorders, including internet gaming disorder (IGD), problematic internet use (PIU), social media addiction (SMA), and cyberbullying-related psychopathology, represent a rapidly growing public health concern among adolescents. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have emerged as promising tools for screening, assessment, and intervention; however, the current evidence remains fragmented across multiple domains without a comprehensive synthesis.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to systematically map the scope, range, and nature of AI applications in the healthcare of adolescents with cyber disorders and to identify key research gaps and future directions.

Methods:

A scoping review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) and the Arksey and O’Malley framework. Five electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO) were searched from inception to March 2026. Studies were eligible if they reported AI or machine learning applications for screening, detection, assessment, intervention, or monitoring of cyber disorders in adolescents. Data were extracted and synthesized using thematic analysis.

Results:

A total of 2,110 records were identified, of which 54 studies met the inclusion criteria. Seven major thematic domains were identified: (i) AI-based screening and detection; (ii) digital phenotyping and wearable biosensors; (iii) natural language processing (NLP) for cyberbullying; (iv) AI-powered chatbots and digital therapeutics; (v) ADHD–cyber disorder comorbidity; (vi) the dual role of AI as both healthcare enabler and disorder precipitant; and (vii) ethical, fairness, and regulatory considerations. Most studies originated from high-income regions, with minimal representation from low- and middle-income countries.

Conclusions:

AI technologies demonstrate significant potential for improving the detection and management of cyber disorders in adolescents. However, major gaps persist, including limited geographic diversity, lack of randomized controlled trials, and unresolved ethical challenges. The paradoxical role of AI as both a therapeutic tool and a contributing factor to cyber disorders underscores the need for robust interdisciplinary regulation and future research focused on equitable and clinically validated applications. Clinical Trial: Not applicable.