JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

Misinformation during pandemics undermines public health interventions, reduces compliance with preventive measures, and exacerbates disease spread. Evidence suggests that communication strategies, socio-demographic factors, policy frameworks, and technology-mediated interventions critically influence the management of misinformation. Understanding these determinants is essential for enhancing pandemic preparedness and mitigating infodemics.

Objective:

This systematic review aimed to (1) assess the impact of public health communication on misinformation management, (2) evaluate socio-demographic, cultural, and technological determinants influencing communication effectiveness, (3) examine policy frameworks and crisis communication models, and (4) identify the role of technology-mediated interventions in countering misinformation during pandemics.

Methods:

Comprehensive searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, WHO repositories, and preprint servers for studies published between 2000 and 2025. Eligibility included peer-reviewed studies or reports addressing pandemic communication and misinformation. Data extraction captured study characteristics, interventions, outcomes, and key findings. Methodological quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). A narrative synthesis was performed due to heterogeneity.

Results:

Of 1,300 records screened, 114 studies met the inclusion criteria. Public health communication interventions (n=52) reduced misinformation, with timely government campaigns improving trust by 25-40% and social media monitoring reducing false content by 30-45%. Socio-demographic factors (n=47) significantly affected outcomes: higher education and urban residence increased message adherence by 20-35%, while low digital literacy reduced intervention reach by 15-25%. Policy frameworks (n=32) implementing CERC and RCCE improved public compliance by 18-28%, and multi-agency coordination reduced confusion. Technology-mediated interventions (n=42), including AI monitoring, tele-epidemiology, and youth-led campaigns, improved misinformation detection and engagement, enhancing adherence by 22-38%.

Conclusions:

Integrated, multi-level, culturally tailored, and technologically adaptive strategies are essential for effective misinformation management. Policymakers should implement multi-platform communication strategies, strengthen community engagement, and deploy AI-based monitoring for real-time misinformation management. Thus, strategic communication interventions enhance public trust, improve compliance, and reduce misinformation-related health risks during pandemics.