JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

As artificial intelligence (AI) fundamentally transforms the healthcare landscape, medical education curricula have struggled to keep pace with these technological shifts. While current research has established a foundation for general AI literacy, there remains a critical gap in defining the role-specific competencies required for the diverse functions that healthcare professionals perform in an AI-integrated environment.

Objective:

This study aimed to explore how AI-driven changes in healthcare shape competency requirements across professional roles and to develop a differentiated competency and curriculum framework for 3 distinct roles: Users, Developers, and Leaders.

Methods:

Using a qualitative research design, we conducted in-depth interviews with 13 subject matter experts, including medical educators, clinicians, and AI industry specialists. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis with both deductive and inductive coding. To ensure the accuracy and rigor of the interpretation, investigator triangulation and member checking were employed.

Results:

We identified a cumulative competency framework where foundational knowledge vertically extends into advanced specialized roles: (1) Users require machine learning and data literacy, the ability to selectively apply AI solutions, and a high degree of AI-related professionalism to maintain clinical accountability; (2) Developers must build upon these foundations to master algorithm evaluation, regulatory compliance, and cross-disciplinary communication to translate clinical needs into technical refinements; and (3) Leaders require macro-level strategic planning, systemic governance, and resource management competencies to design the policy frameworks and infrastructures necessary for sustainable AI integration. This framework translates these competencies into a structured curriculum roadmap across the medical education continuum.

Conclusions:

This study provides a practical and theoretical foundation for the systematic restructuring of healthcare education. By transitioning from generic AI literacy to a role-based approach, the proposed framework ensures that the future healthcare workforce is equipped not only to utilize AI responsibly but also to govern and lead the next generation of digital health innovation.