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Currently submitted to: JMIR Research Protocols

Date Submitted: Mar 3, 2026

Warning: This is an author submission that is not peer-reviewed or edited. Preprints - unless they show as "accepted" - should not be relied on to guide clinical practice or health-related behavior and should not be reported in news media as established information.

Investigating the Impact of Paralinguistic Configuration of Background Human Speech on Attention: Protocol for a Within-Subject Study

  • Daniel Carl Karlsson; 
  • Zilu Liang

ABSTRACT

Background:

Background noise is a common feature in modern environments, yet its cognitive impact, particularly on attention, varies based on individual traits, task demands, and properties of the noise itself. While previous research has largely focused on music and non-speech noise (e.g., white noise), little is known about how paralinguistic components of human speech (e.g., tone, pitch, rhythm) affect attention independently of linguistic content, which may act not only as sources of distraction but also, under certain conditions, as facilitators of attentional engagement.

Objective:

This paper presents a structured experimental protocol designed to investigate how contrasting paralinguistic background speech conditions influence attention and cognitive performance. The goal is to develop a systematic, multimodal experimental framework that examines these effects while accounting for individual differences such as noise sensitivity, sleep quality, and working memory capacity.

Methods:

A within-subject design will be employed, in which participants complete attention-related tasks under three auditory conditions: silence (control), background noise with focused vocal stimuli, and background noise with diffused vocal stimuli. The protocol integrates psychometric instruments (e.g., ADHD screening, mood and sleep questionnaires), cognitive tasks (reading comprehension, d2 test of attention, and N-back as a moderator), and physiological monitoring (pupillometry, electrodermal activity, and heart rate).

Results:

Pilot testing with an abbreviated version of the protocol confirmed the feasibility of the tasks. All cognitive and physiological data were successfully collected, and the focused and diffused vocal stimuli were perceived distinct.

Conclusions:

The proposed protocol provides a structured framework for examining the attentional effects of background speech features beyond linguistic content. It enables future studies to explore how paralinguistic features interact with individual and contextual factors to shape attentional performance. The findings from this line of research may inform the design of learning and work environments that better support cognitive functioning.


 Citation

Please cite as:

Karlsson DC, Liang Z

Investigating the Impact of Paralinguistic Configuration of Background Human Speech on Attention: Protocol for a Within-Subject Study

JMIR Preprints. 03/03/2026:93525

DOI: 10.2196/preprints.93525

URL: https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/93525

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