Currently submitted to: JMIR Research Protocols
Date Submitted: Feb 12, 2026
Open Peer Review Period: Feb 24, 2026 - Apr 21, 2026
(currently open for review)
Warning: This is an author submission that is not peer-reviewed or edited. Preprints - unless they show as "accepted" - should not be relied on to guide clinical practice or health-related behavior and should not be reported in news media as established information.
Clinical emergencies among patients with chronic kidney disease presenting to the emergency department: a study protocol
ABSTRACT
Background:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive, multisystem condition associated with substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Patients with established CKD are particularly susceptible to acute clinical deterioration and frequently present to emergency departments with high-acuity conditions. Despite the increasing burden of CKD, real-world data describing emergency presentations and early management practices remain limited, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
Objective:
The primary objective of this study is to describe the spectrum of clinical emergencies among adults with established CKD presenting to the emergency department. Secondary objectives include documenting initial emergency management strategies and short-term hospital outcomes.
Methods:
This prospective observational study will be conducted over a two-year period in the emergency department of a tertiary care teaching hospital in central India. Adult patients with a documented diagnosis of CKD presenting with acute renal-related complications will be enrolled consecutively. Data on demographics, clinical presentation, investigations, emergency interventions, and in-hospital outcomes will be collected using a structured case record form. Descriptive statistical analyses will be performed, with exploratory regression analyses conducted where appropriate.
Results:
This manuscript describes the study protocol. Data collection and analysis will be completed after the study period.
Conclusions:
Systematic documentation of emergency presentations and early management of CKD-related complications may generate context-specific evidence to inform improvements in emergency preparedness and early clinical decision-making for patients with CKD. Clinical Trial: CTRI/2025/09/094214
Citation
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Copyright
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