JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

Breast cancer screening through mammography is essential for early detection and improved survival; however, pain and discomfort during the procedure remain major barriers to women’s participation. Pain perception during mammography is influenced not only by technical factors but also by psychological variables such as anxiety, depression, pain catastrophizing, and personality traits. Despite growing evidence, findings regarding the role of these factors are inconsistent, highlighting the need for further investigation.

Objective:

The aim of this study is to examine the impact of psychological factors and personality traits on pain perception and experience during mammography.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study will include approximately 380 women undergoing routine screening mammography at a private radiology center in Cyprus. Eligible participants, aged healthy women 35–75 years, will complete validated psychometric questionnaires prior to the examination, while pain intensity will be assessed immediately after mammography. Psychological factors, personality traits, and potential confounders will be analysed in relation to perceived pain, in accordance with STROBE guidelines.

Results:

The duration of this study will be six months, from March 2026 to September 2026. Approval for the study will be obtained from the Cyprus National Bioethics Committee. Participants’ data will be collected, coded, and analyzed using appropriate statistical methods to identify statistically significant relationships among the study variables, while responses to the open-ended questions will undergo thematic analysis.

Conclusions:

Early detection and management of psychological factors affecting pain perception during mammography are crucial for improving women’s experience, boosting comfort during the procedure, and potentially increasing adherence to breast cancer screening programs.