Accepted for/Published in: JMIR Formative Research
Date Submitted: Jan 27, 2026
Date Accepted: Jul 14, 2026
Development and Formative Evaluation of VCheck: A Culturally Tailored Mobile Health Application to Support Breast Self-Examination Among Thai Women
ABSTRACT
Background:
Background:
Breast cancer is a leading cause of mortality among Thai women. Breast self-examination (BSE) is a low-cost method for early detection; however, adherence and correct technique remain suboptimal, partly due to limited guidance and reminder systems. Mobile health (mHealth) interventions could support BSE practice.
Objective:
Objective:
This study aimed to develop “VCheck,” a culturally tailored smartphone application for Thai women, and to conduct a formative evaluation of its usability and feasibility.
Methods:
Methods:
A user-centered design framework guided the development of VCheck using the Thunkable cross-platform environment. The application included educational multimedia content, step-by-step BSE guidance, and a smart reminder system. A formative pilot usability study was conducted among 55 female volunteers aged 20–50 years over a 2-month period. Usability was assessed using the System Usability Scale (SUS). Feasibility and interface design were evaluated using a multidimensional satisfaction questionnaire, and qualitative feedback was collected.
Results:
Results:
The mean SUS score was 85.4 (SD 6.8), indicating excellent usability. Participants reported high overall satisfaction (mean 4.46, SD 0.68), including feasibility (mean 4.48, SD 0.62) and interface design (mean 4.44, SD 0.58). Qualitative feedback suggested that the application was easy to navigate and culturally appropriate.
Conclusions:
Conclusions:
In this formative evaluation, VCheck demonstrated high usability and user acceptance for supporting BSE among Thai women. The user-centered design approach informed the development of the application and may facilitate future effectiveness studies in breast cancer prevention.
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