Previously submitted to: JMIR Mental Health (no longer under consideration since Dec 16, 2025)
Date Submitted: Dec 15, 2025
Open Peer Review Period: Dec 16, 2025 - Dec 16, 2025
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“Circadian Rhythm Disruption in Adults: Cortisol, Gluconeogenesis, and Abdominal Fat Accumulation
ABSTRACT
Background:
Disruptions in the circadian rhythm, including late-night awakenings, have been associated with metabolic dysregulation. Cortisol secretion and gluconeogenesis, while normal physiological processes, can contribute to increased visceral fat when the natural circadian pattern is misaligned.
Objective:
This article aims to summarize the relationship between circadian rhythm disruption, cortisol-mediated gluconeogenesis, insulin resistance, and abdominal fat accumulation, highlighting the implications for metabolic health.
Methods:
A narrative review of current scientific literature was conducted to examine the physiological processes involved in circadian rhythm regulation, cortisol release, glucose metabolism, and fat storage, with emphasis on the effects of late-night awakening and sedentary lifestyles.
Results:
Circadian misalignment leads to elevated nighttime cortisol, which stimulates gluconeogenesis. Simultaneously, reduced insulin sensitivity during night hours results in inefficient glucose uptake, promoting lipogenesis and fat storage, particularly in the abdominal region. These physiological changes, combined with behavioral factors such as poor sleep patterns and stress, increase the risk of obesity and related metabolic disorders.
Conclusions:
Maintaining alignment with the natural circadian rhythm through early sleep and awakening is critical for metabolic health. Preventing circadian disruption may reduce cortisol-induced gluconeogenesis, improve insulin sensitivity, and limit visceral fat accumulation, offering a simple yet effective strategy for mitigating obesity-related risks.
Citation
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