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Currently submitted to: JMIR mHealth and uHealth

Date Submitted: Dec 14, 2025

Warning: This is an author submission that is not peer-reviewed or edited. Preprints - unless they show as "accepted" - should not be relied on to guide clinical practice or health-related behavior and should not be reported in news media as established information.

Attitudes Toward Sharing mHealth and Wearable Data for Primary and Secondary Uses: A Systematic Review

  • Olamide Sadare; 
  • Stefanie Brückner; 
  • Stephen Gilbert

ABSTRACT

Background:

When individuals share data from mobile health (mHealth) apps and wearable devices (wearables), they contribute to an expanding ecosystem where data serve both primary and secondary purposes. Understanding their perspectives is crucial for developing responsible and transparent practices.

Objective:

This review aims to synthesize evidence on public and individual perspectives regarding the sharing of data generated from mobile health apps and wearable devices.

Methods:

We conducted a mixed-methods systematic search of three databases (PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar). Quantitative findings were summarized narratively, and qualitative findings underwent inductive thematic analysis

Results:

After screening 346 records, 31 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies reported positive attitudes toward data sharing for both primary and secondary uses, while only a minority reported conditional or reluctant attitudes. Individual characteristics such as age, health status, and familiarity with digital devices were identified as factors influencing data sharing. Other factors, including perceived health benefits and incentivization, were found to enhance sharing. Concerns across studies included perceived healthcare provider disinterest, privacy, trust, and transparency in data handling processes. Quality assessment of the included studies indicated moderate methodological quality, with risks of sampling bias and small sample sizes in qualitative studies. Nevertheless, recurring themes across studies provide valuable insights for interpreting the findings

Conclusions:

Individuals are generally willing to share data from mobile health apps and wearable devices, particularly for primary use, although willingness for secondary use remains more conditional. Persistent concerns about privacy, trust, and data handling highlight the importance of building user confidence in data-sharing processes. Effective strategies to promote data sharing should focus on policies for primary and secondary data users that build public trust, reduce systemic barriers, and strengthen facilitators to encourage participation


 Citation

Please cite as:

Sadare O, Brückner S, Gilbert S

Attitudes Toward Sharing mHealth and Wearable Data for Primary and Secondary Uses: A Systematic Review

JMIR Preprints. 14/12/2025:89440

DOI: 10.2196/preprints.89440

URL: https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/89440

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