Currently submitted to: JMIR Medical Education
Date Submitted: Dec 7, 2025
Open Peer Review Period: Feb 12, 2026 - Apr 12, 2026
(currently open for review)
Warning: This is an author submission that is not peer-reviewed or edited. Preprints - unless they show as "accepted" - should not be relied on to guide clinical practice or health-related behavior and should not be reported in news media as established information.
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: Evaluating Caregivers' Use, Concerns, and Perspectives through a National Survey in France
ABSTRACT
Background:
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into healthcare, with potential to enhance disease diagnosis, treatment, and patient outcomes. However, successful adoption relies on healthcare providers’ preparedness and trust.
Objective:
To evaluate French healthcare professionals’ and students’ use, concerns, and perceptions of AI, and to assess their interest in AI-related training.
Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional national survey distributed via PulseLife between December 2023 and March 2025. The 12-item questionnaire assessed demographics, AI usage, confidence, perceived benefits, concerns, and training needs. Reliability and validity of the instrument were assessed using Cronbach α, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Descriptive statistics and chi-squared test were performed using R (version 4.3.1).
Results:
A total of 1625 healthcare respondents participated, including 1212 professionals (52.9% physicians, 19.1% nurses) and 413 students. Only 6.6% reported prior AI training, while 78.3% expressed interest in receiving training. Physicians showed the highest confidence in AI (P = .003). Main concerns included algorithmic bias (48.2%), data transparency (40.9%), and deterioration of the doctor–patient relationship (38.6%). Anticipated benefits included improved diagnosis (47.6%), time saving (42.1%), reduced medical errors (39%).
Conclusions:
French healthcare providers and students remain insufficiently trained in AI, despite strong interest in acquiring such skills. Structured AI training programs and transparent regulatory frameworks are urgently needed to facilitate responsible adoption of AI in healthcare.
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