JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate state between normal cognitive aging and dementia with a global geriatric prevalence of 23.7 %. Multisensory stimulation (MSS) has emerged as a potential approach to improve cognitive impairment. However, relevant research is heterogeneous and lacks systematic synthesis.

Objective:

This study aims to systematically review the evidence on the effectiveness of MSS for cognitive function in older adults with MCI, appraise diverse MSS interventions, identify design/implementation limitations, and provide recommendations for future trials.

Methods:

We will search MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and CENTRAL, as well as reference lists and gray literature. Eligible studies are randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of adults ≥60 years with confirmed MCI, evaluating intentional MSS with reported parameters. Two reviewers independently selected the studies, obtained data, and assessed bias (RoB 2 for RCTs). A meta-analysis will be used for comparable studies (mean difference/standardized mean difference for cognitive outcomes); otherwise, a narrative synthesis will be used. Heterogeneity (I²), meta-regression, sensitivity, and publication bias (funnel plot and Egger’s test) analyses will be performed.

Results:

Data synthesis and manuscript preparation are expected in March 2026. The results will clarify MSS’s effects of MSS on global/domain-specific cognitive function, crucial effective MSS components, and implementation factors (e.g., acceptability).

Conclusions:

The review will comprehensively synthesize the MSS for MCI and identifies optimal intervention parameters. The findings will guide clinicians and policymakers in optimizing NPIs, delaying the progression of MCI to dementia, and improving cognitive health in older adults. Clinical Trial: PROSPERO registration number: CRD420251161525.