Currently submitted to: JMIR Preprints
Date Submitted: Nov 28, 2025
Open Peer Review Period: Nov 28, 2025 - Nov 13, 2026
(currently open for review)
Warning: This is an author submission that is not peer-reviewed or edited. Preprints - unless they show as "accepted" - should not be relied on to guide clinical practice or health-related behavior and should not be reported in news media as established information.
Exploring the Association Between Blood Groups, Rh Factor, and Acute Leukemia
ABSTRACT
Introduction Acute leukemia poses a significant health burden globally, necessitating a deeper understanding of its etiological factors. This study investigates the potential link between blood groups, Rh factor, and the incidence of acute leukemia to enhance knowledge and guide personalized treatment strategies. Methods A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia from 2012 to 2018, including patients with acute leukemia. Data on blood groups, Rh factor, and demographic variables were collected and analyzed using SPSS software. Statistical tests were employed to determine associations between blood groups and leukemia risk. Results The study found no significant relationship between ABO blood groups and acute leukemia, consistent with previous research. However, differences in Rh factor distribution were observed between acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients, warranting further investigation. Discussion The complexity of leukemia etiology is highlighted by the multifactorial nature of the disease, where genetic, environmental, and possibly epigenetic factors interact. Future research should focus on larger sample sizes and diverse populations to elucidate the intricate mechanisms underlying leukemia susceptibility. Conclusion While ABO blood groups may not significantly impact acute leukemia risk, variations in Rh factor distribution among leukemia subtypes suggest a need for continued exploration. Comprehensive studies considering diverse factors are essential to unravel the complexities of leukemia development.
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