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Currently submitted to: JMIR Human Factors

Date Submitted: Nov 14, 2025
Open Peer Review Period: Jan 5, 2026 - Mar 2, 2026
Date Accepted: May 6, 2026
(closed for review but you can still tweet)

The final, peer-reviewed published version of this preprint can be found here:

Effect of a Personalized Mobile App on Glucose Control in Adults With Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: Exploratory Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Lalama E, Csanalosi M, Kabisch S, Wilson-Barnes S, Gymnopoulos LP, Dimitropoulos K, Rouskas K, Anagnostis A, Oikonomidis I, Hadjileontiadis L, Cornelissen V, Hassapidou M, Pagkalos I, Balula Dias S, Hart K, Pfeiffer AH

Effect of a Personalized Mobile App on Glucose Control in Adults With Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: Exploratory Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

JMIR Hum Factors 2026;13:e87692

DOI: 10.2196/87692

PMID: 42342244

Warning: This is an author submission that is not peer-reviewed or edited. Preprints - unless they show as "accepted" - should not be relied on to guide clinical practice or health-related behavior and should not be reported in news media as established information.

Assessment of dietary advice delivered by a personalized mobile application to improve glucose control for adults with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: Randomized Controlled Trial

  • Elena Lalama; 
  • Marta Csanalosi; 
  • Stefan Kabisch; 
  • Saskia Wilson-Barnes; 
  • Lazaros P. Gymnopoulos; 
  • Kosmas Dimitropoulos; 
  • Konstantinos Rouskas; 
  • Argiriou Anagnostis; 
  • Ioannis Oikonomidis; 
  • Leontios Hadjileontiadis; 
  • Veronique Cornelissen; 
  • Maria Hassapidou; 
  • Ioannis Pagkalos; 
  • Sofia Balula Dias; 
  • Kathryn Hart; 
  • Andreas H. Pfeiffer

ABSTRACT

Background:

The incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) continues to increase, and the lack of individualized therapy strategies hinders patient engagement with and commitment to a healthy lifestyle. The PROTEIN project aimed to facilitate users to choose healthy living, thereby improving their metabolism and T2D management.

Objective:

To assess the efficacy of a personalized mobile application to achieve a 5% time in range (TIR) improvement over a 12-week intervention in adults with prediabetes or T2DM.

Methods:

We conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with 21 individuals with T2D or prediabetes who used a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system and the PROTEIN mobile application (PROTEIN app) for personalized meals and exercise recommendations based on their glucose levels and physical activity.

Results:

The TIR of the participants increased (p<0.05; from 71.8% ± 27.3% to 76.0% ± 28.1%) with individual use of the PROTEIN app but did not achieve a 5% improvement overall. Glycated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, and body weight did not fluctuate throughout the 12-week intervention. The dropout rate was high and the average duration of use of the PROTEIN app was 42 days (range 5 to 84).

Conclusions:

Our results showed an improvement in TIR with the use of the PROTEIN-app. Integrating wearables and automated personalization for wellbeing is an innovative approach that must keep pace with the accelerated development of ever-evolving technologies. Clinical Trial: ClinicalTrials.gov: registration no. NCT05951140 https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05951140


 Citation

Please cite as:

Lalama E, Csanalosi M, Kabisch S, Wilson-Barnes S, Gymnopoulos LP, Dimitropoulos K, Rouskas K, Anagnostis A, Oikonomidis I, Hadjileontiadis L, Cornelissen V, Hassapidou M, Pagkalos I, Balula Dias S, Hart K, Pfeiffer AH

Effect of a Personalized Mobile App on Glucose Control in Adults With Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: Exploratory Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

JMIR Hum Factors 2026;13:e87692

DOI: 10.2196/87692

PMID: 42342244

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