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The process of developing an intervention to increase awareness of cardiovascular risk for persons with type 2 diabetes: A Co-creation study
ABSTRACT
Background:
Many persons with type 2 diabetes lack risk awareness or underestimate their cardiovascular risk. Although healthcare professionals in primary healthcare strive to implement risk-awareness strategies for cardiovascular risk, persons with type 2 diabetes report a lack of meaningful dialogue with the healthcare professionals. Co-creation is grounded in Participatory Action Research (PAR) and involves participants as equal partners across all stages of a project. This study describes the development of an intervention to increase cardiovascular risk awareness in people with type 2 diabetes.
Objective:
To describe the co-creation process of developing an intervention to increase awareness of cardiovascular risk in persons with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Methods:
Design:A co-creative design was used to develop an intervention following a Participatory Action Research (PAR) framework.
Methods:
Four workshops with persons with T2D, diabetes specialist nurses, and physicians in primary healthcare explored communication about cardiovascular risk, co-identified needs, co-designed solutions, tested prototypes, and redefined and retested the content of the intervention. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.
Results:
The analysis identified four themes: Co-define: Taking the person’s voice into account; Co-design: problem-solving and generating ideas; Prototype and test: drafting intervention proposals; and Re-define and re-test: reviewing suggested interventions. The workshop discussions highlighted the need for new interventions, including a risk-assessment tool, a patient handbook, material to prompt reflection, and a webb education for specialist diabetes nurses.
Conclusions:
This study demonstrates the value of co-creation, which was used to develop an intervention to enhance cardiovascular risk awareness in persons with T2D. Diabetes specialist nurses need to explore patients’ perceptions of risk and provide space for emotional responses. The Webb education is intended to strengthen the person-centred approach of diabetes specialist nurses, the patient handbook encourages reflection and dialogue on personal risk, and the risk-assessment tool visualises individual risk. These components may contribute to increased awareness of cardiovascular risk.
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