Currently accepted at: JMIR Biomedical Engineering
Date Submitted: Jul 29, 2025
Date Accepted: Jul 1, 2026
This paper has been accepted and is currently in production.
It will appear shortly on 10.2196/81454
The final accepted version (not copyedited yet) is in this tab.
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Heart Rate Variability, Depression, and Quality of Life in Type 2 Diabetes vs. Without Type 2 Diabetes Patients on Routine Hemodialysis: A Cross-Sectional Study
ABSTRACT
Background:
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive global health issue, often linked to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and managed by hemodialysis (HD), yet its burdens commonly result in depression and reduced quality of life, making Heart Rate Variability (HRV) a relevant physiological marker.
Objective:
To compare heart rate variability, depression, and quality of life between hemodialysis patients with and without T2DM of CKD at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.
Methods:
This cross-sectional study analyzed 112 adult CKD patients undergoing HD, divided into with T2DM (n=56) and without T2DM (n=56) groups. HRV was assessed pre-HD using a Photoplethysmograph SA-3000P, with an emphasis on SDNN and LF/HF ratio. Depression was measured via the HADS-D questionnaire, while QoL was evaluated using the KDQOL-36. Patient data and confounding variables were gathered through questionnaires and medical records, analyzed with SPSS 30.0. Bivariate Chi-square tests compared HRV, depression, and QoL across groups and examined their interrelations (p<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression yielded adjusted Prevalence Ratios, accounting for confounding variables.
Results:
A notable disparity existed in HRV between hemodialysis patients with and without T2DM (p < 0.05). The depression and quality of life exhibited no significant differences between the two groups (p > 0.05).
Conclusions:
This study revealed significant disparities in HRV among hemodialysis patients based on T2DM status, suggesting SDNN and LF/HF ratio as a cardiovascular marker.
Citation
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