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Accepted for/Published in: JMIR Formative Research

Date Submitted: Jul 15, 2025
Date Accepted: Mar 12, 2026

The final, peer-reviewed published version of this preprint can be found here:

Wearable Sensor–Derived Gait Parameters Across Self-Reported Physical Activity Levels in Individuals With Knee Osteoarthritis and Healthy Controls: Pilot Cross-Sectional Validation Study

Odonkor C, Bohacek S, Hirani S, Zhang W, Muaremi A, Leutheuser H, Smuck M

Wearable Sensor–Derived Gait Parameters Across Self-Reported Physical Activity Levels in Individuals With Knee Osteoarthritis and Healthy Controls: Pilot Cross-Sectional Validation Study

JMIR Form Res 2026;10:e80728

DOI: 10.2196/80728

PMID: 42234981

Warning: This is an author submission that is not peer-reviewed or edited. Preprints - unless they show as "accepted" - should not be relied on to guide clinical practice or health-related behavior and should not be reported in news media as established information.

Feasibility Study of Wearable Sensor-Derived Gait Parameters Across Self-Reported Physical Activity Levels in Individuals with Knee Osteoarthritis and Healthy ControlsWearable sensors provide objective gait assessments, but their feasibility for detecting gait differences across physical activity (PA) levels in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is underexplored.

  • Charles Odonkor; 
  • Siri Bohacek; 
  • Salman Hirani; 
  • Wei Zhang; 
  • Amir Muaremi; 
  • Heike Leutheuser; 
  • Matthew Smuck

ABSTRACT

Background:

Wearable sensors provide objective gait assessments, but their feasibility for detecting gait differences across physical activity (PA) levels in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is underexplored.

Objective:

To validate gait parameters derived from wearable inertial measurement units (IMUs) and assess the feasibility of using IMUs to characterize gait metrics across varying physical activity levels in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and healthy controls.

Methods:

This pilot study enrolled 20 participants (KOA: n = 10; Healthy: n = 10). KOA severity was mostly moderate to severe (Kellgren-Lawrence grades 2–4). Participants completed gait assessments using IMUs and PA assessment using the Stanford Brief Activity Survey. Exploratory trends and effect sizes were analyzed.

Results:

Descriptive trends suggested higher PA levels were associated with greater stride velocity and cadence, especially in the KOA group. Effect sizes were presented to guide future study planning.

Conclusions:

IMUs feasibly captured gait variability across PA levels in this preliminary sample. Larger powered studies are needed to establish definitive associations.


 Citation

Please cite as:

Odonkor C, Bohacek S, Hirani S, Zhang W, Muaremi A, Leutheuser H, Smuck M

Wearable Sensor–Derived Gait Parameters Across Self-Reported Physical Activity Levels in Individuals With Knee Osteoarthritis and Healthy Controls: Pilot Cross-Sectional Validation Study

JMIR Form Res 2026;10:e80728

DOI: 10.2196/80728

PMID: 42234981

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