JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

Globally, sedentary behavior is a leading risk factor for non-communicable diseases and premature death. Although telerehabilitation has emerged as a promising method to increase access to physical therapy, the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine vision technologies to objectively monitor and promote physical activity (PA) in home settings remains underexplored.

Objective:

This scoping review aimed to map and systematize current evidence on the use of AI and machine vision in telephysiotherapy to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behavior among healthy adults.

Methods:

The review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology and was reported according to the PRISMA-ScR checklist. The PCC framework defined participants as healthy adults, the concept as AI/machine learning (ML) and machine vision technologies, and the context as remote, home-based telephysiotherapy for objective PA monitoring and/or outcome measurement in interventions aimed at promoting daily activity. Searches were conducted in PubMed, ProQuest, Science Direct, and Wiley Online Library for peer-reviewed primary studies published between 2016 and 2024. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied systematically using the Rayyan platform.

Results:

Of 7253 initial records, 4 studies met the inclusion criteria. Identified digital solutions included: Machine learning algorithms (e.g., XGBoost, hybrid classifiers), Deep learning models such as Graph Convolutional Networks (GCN), Video-based Center of Pressure (CoP) assessments using RGB cameras, Ontology-driven semantic data structuring for personalization. The most frequently studied technologies combined wearable sensors with ML-based behavioral change frameworks to assess usability and prototype feasibility. However, none of the studies demonstrated statistically significant improvements in reducing sedentary time or increasing PA levels among participants. The studies predominantly employed exploratory or pilot designs, with small sample sizes (range: 10–32 participants), and short follow-up periods (≤ 12 weeks), limiting the strength of conclusions.

Conclusions:

Current evidence on the application of AI and machine vision in telephysiotherapy remains scarce and largely exploratory. Although the integration of wearable technology and ML algorithms shows technical feasibility and personalization potential, there is insufficient evidence to confirm improvements in physical activity outcomes. Future research should prioritize longitudinal clinical trials, include diverse populations, and evaluate behavioral outcomes to determine the real-world impact of these technologies in telerehabilitation. Clinical Trial: Semjonova, G., & Rēdliha, L. (2025, July 5). The Use of Machine Vision and Artificial Intelligence in Tele-Physiotherapy to Reduce Sedentary Lifestyles and Promote Physical Activity: A Scoping Review. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/SFC97