JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

Pulmonary tuberculosis threats the health of thounds of people around the World, China ranks third of all the coutries with amounts of tuberculosis patients, and eastern China is the serious area with large number of tuberculosis cases, for the control of tuberculosis endemic,we must know the epidemiology of the disease,data on the epidemiology and treatment outcomes in Dazu District, Chongqing, China were absent.

Objective:

To analyze the epidemiology of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and determinants of treatment outcomes in Dazu District, Chongqing, China from 2005 to 2024 to enable local health departments to formulate and optimize evidence-based TB prevention and control strategies.

Methods:

Data of PTB patients reported in Dazu District, Chongqing from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2024 were collected from the Tuberculosis Management Information System. Descriptive statistical methods were employed to characterize the spatial-temporal distribution of patients. Joinpoint regression was used for trend testing of annual reported incidence rates. Multivariate binary logistic regression was conducted to identify factors influencing treatment outcomes.

Results:

A total of 10,236 cases were reported, for an average annual reported incidence of 65.2 per 100,000 population. The annual average reported incidence decline rate was 7.7%. Joinpoint regression analysis revealed a statistically significant decline in annual incidence rates (AAPC = -6.89%, 95% CI: -8.56% to -5.99%, P<0.000001). The bacteriological positivity rate initially decreased before rising, reaching 81.6% in 2024. Reported case counts peaked in March, while relatively lower numbers were observed during October, November, and December. Cases were predominantly among males, with a male-to-female ratio of 3.57:1. The proportion of cases among individuals aged over 65 years increased gradually. Occupational distribution was primarily among farmers, homemakers/unemployed individuals, and students. Cases were concentrated in Longshui Town, Tangxiang Subdistrict, and Longgang Subdistrict - areas with large population bases. Among these, Guoliang Town exhibited the highest average annual reported incidence (314.4/100,000). Treatment success rate reached 91.3%. Multivariate binary logistic regression revealed that age 25-64 years, undergoing initial treatment, absence of HIV co-infection, negative bacteriologic test results, and the receipt of full-course supervised treatment were significantly associated with treatment success.

Conclusions:

The reported incidence of PTB in Dazu District, Chongqing has gradually declined. Special attention should be paid to epidemic prevention and control for males, farmers, persons over 65 years of age, and residents of Guoliang Town. Particular focus is required on treatment of young children, elderly individuals, patients with HIV co-infection, those under intensive phase supervision, bacteriologically positive cases, and retreatment cases. These measures may reduce the incidence of PTB and improve treatment success rates in our district.