JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

Digital technologies are increasingly present in workplaces, yet their impact on the physical health of older workers remains unclear.

Objective:

This scoping review aims to examine and summarize the scientific evidence on how digital technology affects the physical health of older workers.

Methods:

Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we conducted a scoping review of English-language peer-reviewed articles extracted from MEDLINE, Cochrane, Proquest, Web of Science, Scopus, APA PsycInfo, and ERIH PLUS. The review followed the Population, Concept, and Context (PCC) framework, including studies on workers aged 50 years or older, any form of digital technology (e.g. teleworking and the use of digital tools at work), and its impact on physical health (e.g. vision loss, musculoskeletal disorders). Studies that focused only on mental health were excluded. A 13-member research team screened studies in three stages: title and abstract screening, full-text review, and data extraction. Each article was independently reviewed by at least two researchers, within disagreements resolved through discussion. Data extraction and synthesis were conducted using the web-based systematic review platform Covidence.

Results:

18 studies were selected, published between 2012 and 2024, with most conducted in Europe (8) and Asia (6), followed by North America (2), Oceania (1), and Africa (1). We identified six key physical health areas impacted by digital technology in older workers: eye health, musculoskeletal health, metabolic and cardiovascular health, workplace sound levels, and user experiences of new technologies. Findings showed mixed effects, with notable negative impacts on eye strain, musculoskeletal disorders, and hearing health issues, but positive effects on weight management, cardiovascular health, physical activity, and perceived physical well-being.

Conclusions:

Digital technology presents both risks and benefits for the physical health of older workers. While prolonged screen use and digital work environments contribute to eye strain, musculoskeletal issues, and hearing concerns, other technologies support better weight management, cardiovascular health, and increased physical activity. These findings also underscore the need for workplace intervention to reduce health risks.