JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

Nigeria faces severe economic losses ($14 billion annually) and high youth unemployment (33.3%) due to persistent skills gaps, exacerbated by sectoral disparities (e.g., 68% ICT shortages vs. 63% agricultural deficits) and systemic inequities in education and vocational access. Despite growing HRM interventions, empirical evidence on their efficacy remains limited, necessitating a comprehensive review to guide policy.

Objective:

This study analyzes Nigeria’s sector-specific skills gaps, evaluates the effectiveness of HRM interventions (apprenticeships, digital upskilling, PPPs), and proposes actionable frameworks to align workforce development with labor market demands.

Methods:

A narrative review of peer-reviewed literature (2015–2023), institutional reports (World Bank, PwC, NBS), and case studies (e.g., Andela’s model) was conducted. Data were synthesized to compare regional benchmarks (Kenya’s TVET, South Africa’s HRM reforms) and Nigeria’s performance (talent readiness score: 42/100).

Results:

Key findings include: (1) Vocational training (60% readiness) outperforms tertiary education (40%); (2) Apprenticeships and PPPs show high impact (30% job placement increase); (3) Urban-rural and gender disparities persist (women 30% less likely to access training). Private-sector models demonstrate scalability but require policy support.

Conclusions:

Nigeria’s skills crisis demands urgent, context-sensitive interventions. Blended strategies (e.g., industry-aligned curricula, gender-inclusive vocational programs) could unlock 5% annual GDP growth. Prioritize: (1) National skills councils to standardize certifications; (2) Tax incentives for employer-led training; (3) Digital infrastructure for rural upskilling. Closing Nigeria’s skills gaps would mitigate economic losses, reduce inequality, and enhance global competitiveness, transforming its youth bulge into a sustainable demographic dividend.