JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

Telehealth is a promising approach to managing chronic conditions like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), providing more access and convenience. Asian Americans, who are 40% more likely to be diagnosed with diabetes than non-Hispanic Whites, remain underrepresented in telehealth utilization. While general barriers such as digital literacy and provider engagement have been documented, few studies focus on the cultural and technological challenges specific to Asian American communities. Language barriers, limited access to technology, and a preference for in-person care may also impact adoption. This study addresses these gaps by examining the barriers to telehealth use among Asian Americans with T2DM, using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) to explore how social, cultural, and technological factors influence adoption.

Objective:

This study examines cultural and technological barriers affecting telehealth adoption among Asian Americans with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods:

A qualitative case study approach was employed, utilizing semi-structured interviews with Asian American individuals in Missouri. Thematic analysis was used to identify key barriers.

Results:

Four major barriers emerged: (1) Language and cultural barriers—limited availability of translated materials and interpreters; (2) Digital literacy and access—older adults and individuals with low technological exposure struggled with telehealth platforms; (3) Limited provider recommendations—healthcare providers did not actively endorse telehealth, reducing patient awareness; and (4) Technology and infrastructure disparities—low-income participants faced challenges with access to broadband and telehealth-compatible devices.

Conclusions:

Addressing cultural and technological barriers is crucial to increasing telehealth adoption among Asian Americans with T2DM. Culturally tailored interventions, provider engagement, and digital literacy programs should be prioritized. Policy efforts must focus on expanding broadband access and providing multilingual telehealth resources.