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Accepted for/Published in: Journal of Medical Internet Research

Date Submitted: Apr 3, 2025
Open Peer Review Period: Apr 4, 2025 - May 30, 2025
Date Accepted: May 29, 2025
(closed for review but you can still tweet)

The final, peer-reviewed published version of this preprint can be found here:

Functions, Features, and Psychological Well-Being Impacts of Type 1 Diabetes Self-Management Mobile and Web Apps: Systematic Review

Cloarec T, Toro C, Hanson P, Cunneen K, Nickson D, Leigh S

Functions, Features, and Psychological Well-Being Impacts of Type 1 Diabetes Self-Management Mobile and Web Apps: Systematic Review

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e75280

DOI: 10.2196/75280

PMID: 41306078

PMCID: 12658348

Warning: This is an author submission that is not peer-reviewed or edited. Preprints - unless they show as "accepted" - should not be relied on to guide clinical practice or health-related behavior and should not be reported in news media as established information.

Type-1 Diabetes self-management mobile and web applications: A Systematic Review of their functions, features and impact on psychological wellbeing.

  • Titouan Cloarec; 
  • Carla Toro; 
  • Petra Hanson; 
  • Katie Cunneen; 
  • David Nickson; 
  • Simon Leigh

ABSTRACT

Background:

People living with type 1 diabetes must adhere to an intense self-care regimen, which may impact their psychological wellbeing and contribute to poor self-management behaviours. Despite the potential of mobile health and web-based applications for diabetes management, most prioritise glycaemic control and often overlook psychological wellbeing.

Objective:

This review assessed psychological wellbeing changes and identified functions and features of mobile and web-based interventions that may enhance the wellbeing of people with type 1 diabetes.

Methods:

Relevant studies were identified through PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Embase, Scopus, APA, and Cochrane Central until November 2024. Studies were included if they quantitatively assessed the impact of mobile health or web-based apps on psychological wellbeing in people with type 1 diabetes using validated screening tools.

Results:

Eight of the 2142 articles identified met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Six types of functions were identified, each incorporating different sets of features: (1) Therapy, (2) Education, (3) Self-Management, (4) Peer Support, (5) Healthcare Provider–Patient Support, and (6) Parental Support. Psychological wellbeing improved in only two of the eight studies. However, the limited number of studies and variability in study design and participant characteristics limited the ability to identify specific functions and features that effectively improved psychological wellbeing.

Conclusions:

This review highlights the limited effectiveness of mHealth interventions in improving psychological wellbeing in people living with type 1 diabetes. While some interventions showed promise, the findings emphasise the need for targeted, theory-based approaches and participatory design to improve support and long-term outcomes.


 Citation

Please cite as:

Cloarec T, Toro C, Hanson P, Cunneen K, Nickson D, Leigh S

Functions, Features, and Psychological Well-Being Impacts of Type 1 Diabetes Self-Management Mobile and Web Apps: Systematic Review

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e75280

DOI: 10.2196/75280

PMID: 41306078

PMCID: 12658348

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