JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

The electronic version of the Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test for Children (CARATKids) has the potential to enhance pediatric telemonitoring but has not yet been validated.

Objective:

This study aimed to validate the electronic version of CARATKids against the paper-based version.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted between April and December 2024 in a tertiary hospital in northern Portugal. Children with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis and their caregivers were recruited during pulmonology outpatient appointments. CARATKids comprises 13 yes/no questions, 8 addressed to the child and 5 to the caregiver, and the total score ranges from 0 to 13. The electronic CARATKids was made available through a mobile app. Both paper and electronic versions were administered in a randomized order before and after the appointment. Additionally, participants’ preferences between the two administration versions were assessed. Internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha), reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient-ICC, Bland- Altman analysis) and convergent validity (Spearman’s coefficient) were analyzed following COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guidelines.

Results:

Fifty-one children (median 9 [1 st quartil 8–3 rd quartil 11] years; 57% male) and respective caregivers (41 [37-45] years) were included. The median CARATKids total score was similar across the paper (5 [3–8]) and electronic (5 [3–7]) versions. The internal consistency was 0.79 for the paper version and 0.83 for the electronic version. The reliability between the two versions was excellent (ICC 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91–0.97). The Bland-Altman analysis showed strong agreement between the two versions, with a mean difference of 0.04 (95% limits of agreement: -1.99-2.07). The Spearman’s correlation between the two versions was 0.95 (p<0.001). In total, 63% of children and 61% of caregivers were indifferent to the version used, while 33% and 35%, respectively, preferred the electronic version.

Conclusions:

The electronic version of CARATKids appears to be equivalent to the paper-based version of the questionnaire, with good acceptance by children and caregivers. CARATKids implementation in mHealth technologies has the potential to enhance remote child monitoring and optimize the management of asthma and allergic rhinitis.