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Accepted for/Published in: JMIR Diabetes

Date Submitted: Mar 3, 2025
Date Accepted: Sep 1, 2025

The final, peer-reviewed published version of this preprint can be found here:

Experience of Using Wearable Devices for Dietary Management for Chinese Americans With Type 2 Diabetes: One-Group Prospective Cohort Study

Greenlee M, Wu B, Sun M, Chen K, Jia W, Zweig S, Melkus G, Parekh N, Zheng Y

Experience of Using Wearable Devices for Dietary Management for Chinese Americans With Type 2 Diabetes: One-Group Prospective Cohort Study

JMIR Diabetes 2025;10:e73381

DOI: 10.2196/73381

PMID: 41037681

PMCID: 12490776

Warning: This is an author submission that is not peer-reviewed or edited. Preprints - unless they show as "accepted" - should not be relied on to guide clinical practice or health-related behavior and should not be reported in news media as established information.

Experience of Using Wearable Devices for Dietary Management for Chinese Americans with Type 2 Diabetes

  • Michaela Greenlee; 
  • Bei Wu; 
  • Mingui Sun; 
  • Keer Chen; 
  • Wenyan Jia; 
  • Susan Zweig; 
  • Gail Melkus; 
  • Niyati Parekh; 
  • Yaguang Zheng

ABSTRACT

Background:

Chinese Americans face significant challenges in dietary management, which is crucial for glycemic control. Wearable sensors, such as the eButton and continuous glucose monitor (CGM), is a promising solution.

Objective:

We aimed to explore the experience of using the eButton and CGM for dietary management among Chinese Americans.

Methods:

Chinese Americans with type 2 diabetes (T2D) (N=11) participated in a one-group prospective study. They wore an eButton on their chest to record their 10-day meals over two weeks and a CGM for the two weeks, and kept a diary to track food intake, medication, and physical activity. Individual interviews were conducted after two weeks to discuss their experience. We used ATLAS.ti software to thematically analyze the interviews.

Results:

Facilitators of using eButton included the device’s ease of use, ability to make participants more mindful, and influence on increased sense of control. Being more conscious of food intake enabled participants to eat smaller portions. Barriers included privacy concerns, difficulty positioning the camera for pictures, and the need for a record of pictures to track trends in glucose spikes. Facilitators of using CGM included its comfort and ease of use, its ability to increase mindfulness of meal choices, and motivating changes in eating behaviors. The most common barriers included the sensor falling off, getting trapped in clothes, and causing skin sensitivity.

Conclusions:

Our findings suggest that it is feasible for Chinese Americans with T2D to use eButton and CGM for dietary management. Future studies should apply these devices to a larger sample over a longer duration to better inform effective diabetes management strategies. Clinical Trial: NCT05335889


 Citation

Please cite as:

Greenlee M, Wu B, Sun M, Chen K, Jia W, Zweig S, Melkus G, Parekh N, Zheng Y

Experience of Using Wearable Devices for Dietary Management for Chinese Americans With Type 2 Diabetes: One-Group Prospective Cohort Study

JMIR Diabetes 2025;10:e73381

DOI: 10.2196/73381

PMID: 41037681

PMCID: 12490776

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