JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

A large number of applications (apps) is available for individuals with addiction problems, the majority of which is available freely and not subject to research.

Objective:

This paper studies the additional benefit and outcome in alcohol and substance use disorder (AUD, SUD), when professional managed apps are added to face-to-face treatment.

Methods:

A literature search on randomized controlled trials (RCT) was carried out, where treatment as usual (TAU) was compared to TAU supplemented by an app. TAU was defined as the type of regular treatment at the respective treatment site. Between 2014 and 2023 sixteen RCTs added an app to at least one randomized group in adults suffering AUD and SUD.

Results:

There was a broad variation with respect to the range of disease severity and the presence of co-morbidities. Active app elements were presentation of information, monitoring, motivational tools, psychotherapeutic tools, crisis intervention and communication with professionals. Interventions lasted from 1 to 12 months, follow-ups were executed in 9 studies. Results speak in favor of reduction of substance use in terms of days of use and / or days of heavy use by introduction of an app. A time-related pattern arose with early improvement in most studies, levelling off of the effects after several months, but with good results for individuals who stayed in treatment for about one year.

Conclusions:

Overall, hybrid approaches in addiction treatment may cost-efficiently enhance effectiveness of treatment and reach individuals in remote areas. They should be integrated into professional care, but not replace it. Clinical Trial: n/a