JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

The global rise in the prevalence of diabetes significantly impacts the quality of life of both patients and their families. Despite advances in diabetes care, numerous challenges remain in its management. In recent years, digital tools have been increasingly integrated into diabetes care, demonstrating some positive outcomes. However, their long-term effectiveness and associated challenges require further investigation.

Objective:

This study aims to assess the types and current usage of digital tools in diabetes management, analyze their benefits and limitations, and provide recommendations for optimizing their future application in diabetes care.

Methods:

A scoping review was conducted following the framework of Arksey and O'Malley. Databases including CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched for studies published from database inception to July 31, 2024. The selected literature was reviewed and analyzed.

Results:

A total of 6,263 articles were identified. After two rounds of screening, 45 studies were included, representing research from 7 countries. The included studies comprised randomized controlled trials (n=26), non-randomized controlled trials (n=14), and other study designs. The digital tools evaluated primarily included mobile health applications, information management platforms, diabetes online communities (DOCs), specialized monitoring devices, blood glucose management systems, and electronic remote monitoring systems. Outcome measures included blood glucose control (e.g., fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin), blood lipid levels, BMI, self-management capacity, quality of life, patient satisfaction, and diabetes knowledge.

Conclusions:

Digital tools have shown promise in improving blood glucose control and self-management in diabetes patients. However, challenges such as technology acceptance, data security, and privacy concerns remain. Further research is needed to explore the long-term effectiveness of these tools and address the practical challenges in their implementation. Clinical Trial: Not applicable.