Accepted for/Published in: JMIR Public Health and Surveillance
Date Submitted: Jan 5, 2025
Date Accepted: Mar 11, 2025
Epidemic Trends and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Hepatitis B in China, 2004 - 2020: Surveillance Study
ABSTRACT
Background:
Hepatitis B is an important public health challenge facing China, understanding the long-term trends in the incidence of hepatitis B and its spatial distribution characteristics is crucial for effectively preventing and controlling the spread of the disease.
Objective:
This study aimed to explore the epidemic trend and spatial distribution characteristics of hepatitis B in China from 2004 to 2020.
Methods:
This study used data on hepatitis B incidence from 2004 to 2020 from the China Public Health Science Data Center to analyze the time trend of hepatitis B incidence by joinpoint regression. The age-period-cohort model was used to analyze the age, period, and cohort effects of hepatitis B onset. Spatial autocorrelation analysis was used to explore the spatial distribution characteristics of hepatitis B in China.
Results:
The incidence of hepatitis B in China showed an increasing trend from 2004 to 2007, with AAPC of 9.49 (95% CI: 2.12, 17.39), and a decreasing trend from 2007 to 2014, with AAPC of -3.77 (95% CI: -5.93, -1.55). The incidence of hepatitis B in China tended to be stable from 2014 to 2020, with an AAPC of -0.46 (95% CI: -2.86, 2.01). Age, period, and cohort effect significantly affect the incidence of hepatitis B. The age effect showed that the incidence of hepatitis B peaked at the age of 22 years; The period effect showed that the highest level during the study period occurred during 2004-2006; The cohort effect showed that the risk of hepatitis B increased first and then decreased with the turning point of 1924-1974. The incidence of hepatitis B varies significantly among regions. The incidence in the northeast and northwest regions has decreased, while that in the South and southwest regions has increased, while that in other regions has remained stable.
Conclusions:
China has progressed in hepatitis B prevention and control, but the incidence shows spatial heterogeneity. The incidence trend of hepatitis B in different regions is different. Future intervention strategies should consider regional differences, and implement precise intervention according to the epidemic trend and spatial distribution characteristics in different regions.
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