JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

This report presents an analysis of the institutional framework for methane emissions reduction in Nigeria, focusing on the Niger Delta region. Methane emissions in this area arise mainly from oil and gas extraction activities, particularly through gas flaring and fugitive emissions. Nigeria stands among the world’s leading methane emitters, with the Niger Delta playing a significant role due to its dense oil extraction infrastructure. However, the existing data on methane emissions remains inconsistent, revealing gaps between local assessments and satellite observations. This discrepancy hampers efforts to accurately gauge emissions and implement effective strategies for reduction. The environmental impact of methane emissions in the Niger Delta is profound, affecting air quality and contributing to climate change. Limited monitoring and reporting efforts restrict the ability to assess emissions accurately. Recent studies indicate that capturing gas from flaring could yield economic benefits and enhance public health. Nigeria’s initiatives for methane reduction, such as the 2018 Short-Lived Climate Pollutants Action Plan, aim to eliminate gas flaring by 2030. However, slow progress stems from inadequate infrastructure and enforcement challenges, highlighting the need for a more robust institutional framework. To address these challenges, stakeholders, including funding agencies, research institutions, and local communities must adopt actionable strategies to mitigate methane emissions effectively. The development of policy components should include stringent regulations, robust monitoring mechanisms, and incentives for adopting cleaner technologies. This report proposes both national and global policy statements that outline clear goals for reducing methane emissions while fostering collaboration among various stakeholders. By prioritizing transparency, education, and community engagement, Nigeria can create a cohesive framework for effectively tackling methane emissions, advancing both environmental sustainability and economic growth.