Accepted for/Published in: JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies
Date Submitted: Oct 25, 2024
Date Accepted: Nov 11, 2025
Warning: This is an author submission that is not peer-reviewed or edited. Preprints - unless they show as "accepted" - should not be relied on to guide clinical practice or health-related behavior and should not be reported in news media as established information.
Linguistic Validation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Shoulder Telehealth Assessment Tool (STAT) for Filipino Patients with Musculoskeletal Shoulder Condition: Cross-Sectional Study
ABSTRACT
Background:
Telerehabilitation has been widely adapted to meet the growing rehabilitation demand, but is often limited by unstable internet connection, poor audiovisual resolution, and difficult virtual assessment. The Shoulder Telehealth Assessment Tool(STAT) was developed to address these limitations.
Objective:
This study aimed to develop a linguistically valid and culturally appropriate Filipino version of STAT, and to evaluate its content validity, internal consistency, understandability and ease of performing.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study on Filipino STAT was conducted in three phases- 1. linguistic validation by experts, 2. cross-cultural adaptation through pre-testing of 12 participants diagnosed with musculoskeletal shoulder condition in the Philippine General Hospital and 3. pilot study on 47 participants of the same population.
Results:
Results:
The Filipino STAT has an excellent content validity (scale validity index=0.80-0.97), excellent interrater reliability (Kappa coefficient=0.82-1.00), and good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha=0.87). Understandability is excellent for pain and activity (98%), good for range of motion(ROM) and special test(85%), and poor for strength(37%). 11 participants found the tool difficult to understand with the use of some Tagalog words as the primary barrier, followed by non-familiarity with the tool, and difficulty reading the text.
Conclusions:
Development of Filipino STAT through a rigorous linguistic validation and cultural adaptation has produced a culturally approriate, valid, and reliable tool. Pain and activity, ROM and special test subdomains are suitable for clinical assessment, while strength subdomain needs further improvement in understandability.
Citation
Request queued. Please wait while the file is being generated. It may take some time.
Copyright
© The authors. All rights reserved. This is a privileged document currently under peer-review/community review (or an accepted/rejected manuscript). Authors have provided JMIR Publications with an exclusive license to publish this preprint on it's website for review and ahead-of-print citation purposes only. While the final peer-reviewed paper may be licensed under a cc-by license on publication, at this stage authors and publisher expressively prohibit redistribution of this draft paper other than for review purposes.