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Accepted for/Published in: JMIR Research Protocols

Date Submitted: Oct 4, 2024
Date Accepted: Apr 10, 2025

The final, peer-reviewed published version of this preprint can be found here:

Impact of Pharmacist-Led Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Clinical Outcomes in People With Type 2 Diabetes in Primary Care: Protocol for a Prospective Cohort Study

Cowart K, White R, Olson K, Carris NW, Hanna K, Zgibor J

Impact of Pharmacist-Led Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Clinical Outcomes in People With Type 2 Diabetes in Primary Care: Protocol for a Prospective Cohort Study

JMIR Res Protoc 2025;14:e67014

DOI: 10.2196/67014

PMID: 40409747

PMCID: 12144473

Impact of Pharmacist-led Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Clinical Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes in Primary Care: A Prospective Cohort Study

  • Kevin Cowart; 
  • Raechel White; 
  • Kevin Olson; 
  • Nicholas W Carris; 
  • Karim Hanna; 
  • Janice Zgibor

ABSTRACT

Background:

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) provides glycemic metrics beyond hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). CGM is increasingly being recognized as the new standard of care for glycemic monitoring in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, despite advances in therapeutics and technology, glycemic control remains suboptimal. Team-based approaches involving pharmacists, particularly in primary care have shown to be effective to address these shortcomings, but have not been rigorously evaluated in the literature.

Objective:

Herein we present the protocol for a study that seeks to evaluate the change in HbA1c in people with T2D using CGM under a pharmacist-led approach as compared to a pharmacist-led approach utilizing no CGM (only self-monitoring blood glucose with a glucometer). We will also assess change in CGM-derived glycemic outcomes among the pharmacist-led CGM cohort and assess change in health behavior among the pharmacist-led CGM cohort.

Methods:

This is a 12-week prospective cohort study in an academic family medicine department. We will enroll adults with T2D and HbA1c ≥ 8%. Subjects in the intervention cohort will wear a CGM (FreeStyle Libre 2) for 12 weeks and receive structured diabetes-self management education and support (DSMES) from a pharmacist. Each subject in the intervention group will have 5 visits with a pharmacist. This study was approved by the USF Institutional Review Board in August 2024.

Results:

This study was funded in June 2024. Recruitment is expected to begin in November 2024, with an expected study completion date of August 2025.

Conclusions:

Results of this study will further elucidate the role of pharmacist-led CGM in primary care, but will also evaluate feasibility and prepare our clinical site to conduct a larger cluster randomized trial to more rigorously test our hypothesis of pharmacist-led CGM as an intervention to overcome diabetes-related clinical inertia. Clinical Trial: ClinicalTrials.gov [NCT06572306]


 Citation

Please cite as:

Cowart K, White R, Olson K, Carris NW, Hanna K, Zgibor J

Impact of Pharmacist-Led Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Clinical Outcomes in People With Type 2 Diabetes in Primary Care: Protocol for a Prospective Cohort Study

JMIR Res Protoc 2025;14:e67014

DOI: 10.2196/67014

PMID: 40409747

PMCID: 12144473

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