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Accepted for/Published in: JMIR Biomedical Engineering

Date Submitted: Sep 20, 2024
Open Peer Review Period: Oct 8, 2024 - Dec 3, 2024
Date Accepted: Oct 5, 2025
(closed for review but you can still tweet)

The final, peer-reviewed published version of this preprint can be found here:

Challenges and Solutions in Applying Large Language Models to Guideline-Based Management Planning and Automated Medical Coding in Health Care: Algorithm Development and Validation

Sarvari P, Al-fagih Z, Abou-Chedid A, Jewell P, Taylor R, Imtiaz A

Challenges and Solutions in Applying Large Language Models to Guideline-Based Management Planning and Automated Medical Coding in Health Care: Algorithm Development and Validation

JMIR Biomed Eng 2025;10:e66691

DOI: 10.2196/66691

PMID: 41213118

PMCID: 12599997

From Challenges to Solutions in Applying Large Language Models to Healthcare: Original Research on Guideline-Based Management Planning and Automated Medical Coding

  • Peter Sarvari; 
  • Zaid Al-fagih; 
  • Alexander Abou-Chedid; 
  • Paul Jewell; 
  • Rosie Taylor; 
  • Arouba Imtiaz

ABSTRACT

Background:

One in ten patients die because of a diagnostic error while doctors spend two hours with paperwork for every hour they spend with patients. Medical knowledge base doubles every 73 days and doctors struggling to keep up experience burnout at peak rates. Successful generative AI applications include data analytics, document generation, and question answering on medical databases, however, generative AI is yet to make its way into hospitals.

Objective:

We aim to accelerate this transition by offering Rhazes, an AI-Assistant for doctors to assist them with paperwork and analytical tasks in medicine.

Methods:

Storage, hosting, AI services and LLMs are provided by Microsoft Azure and OpenAI. Retrieval augmented generation is used to for diagnosis and billing and WebRTC protocol is used for telemedicine.

Results:

We made Rhazes available on the web free of charge and it is ready to help physicians with notetaking, clinical decisions and patient management starting from the initial consultation all the way to patient discharge.

Conclusions:

In the future we aim to pilot Rhazes in hospitals and conduct a thorough evaluation of its performance.


 Citation

Please cite as:

Sarvari P, Al-fagih Z, Abou-Chedid A, Jewell P, Taylor R, Imtiaz A

Challenges and Solutions in Applying Large Language Models to Guideline-Based Management Planning and Automated Medical Coding in Health Care: Algorithm Development and Validation

JMIR Biomed Eng 2025;10:e66691

DOI: 10.2196/66691

PMID: 41213118

PMCID: 12599997

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© The authors. All rights reserved. This is a privileged document currently under peer-review/community review (or an accepted/rejected manuscript). Authors have provided JMIR Publications with an exclusive license to publish this preprint on it's website for review and ahead-of-print citation purposes only. While the final peer-reviewed paper may be licensed under a cc-by license on publication, at this stage authors and publisher expressively prohibit redistribution of this draft paper other than for review purposes.