Previously submitted to: JMIR mHealth and uHealth (no longer under consideration since Apr 03, 2025)
Date Submitted: Sep 23, 2024
Warning: This is an author submission that is not peer-reviewed or edited. Preprints - unless they show as "accepted" - should not be relied on to guide clinical practice or health-related behavior and should not be reported in news media as established information.
Validity of resting heart rate derived from contact-based smartphone photoplethysmography (PPG) compared with electrocardiography (ECG): A 2024 updated systematic review and meta-analysis of correlation coefficients.
ABSTRACT
Background:
Mobile health (mHealth), the use of mobile devices for promotion or measurement of health is on the rise. Smartphone cameras can perform photoplethysmography (PPG) for the assessment of heart rate (HR) and other cardiac cycle characteristics. However, rigorous validity is necessary before smartphone measurement of PPG can be utilized for healthcare provision.
Objective:
We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the validity (determined by correlation coefficients) of resting heart rate (RHR) acquisition from PPG utilizing contact-based smartphone devices versus electrocardiogram as the gold standard.
Methods:
ScienceDirect, PubMed and SPORTDiscus were searched for relevant studies between January 1st, 2007, and November 6th, 2022. The analysis was carried out using the Fisher r-to-z transformed correlation coefficient as the outcome measure with a random-effects model.
Results:
In total, eight articles with nine datasets were included. All studies exhibited good to very strong and correlations ranging from r = .98 to 1. This resulted in a Fisher r-to-z transformed correlation coefficient of 3.60 (95% CI = 2.87 to 4.32; z = 9.71, p < 0.0001).
Conclusions:
Smartphone applications measuring RHR derived from contact-based smartphone PPG correlated to ECG with a very strong magnitude in healthy subjects. Yet, agreement was established under highly controlled conditions and these data require replication in clinical populations for its true applicability to be justified. Clinical Trial: N/A
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