JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

Previous research suggests that 14.4 % of the general population are affected by tinnitus. For some of those affected, the ear noise is bothersome or associated with severe distress. Previous studies identified several apps aiming to support users suffering from tinnitus. Yet, knowledge on the content of tinnitus apps is limited.

Objective:

This study aimed at analyzing tinnitus app content by assessing intervention components and Behavior Change Techniques (BCTs) used.

Methods:

A systematic search using 7 search terms (e.g. tinnitus, ear noise) was performed on the Google Play Store as well as the Apple App Store. Apps designed specifically for tinnitus and offered in German or English met the inclusion criteria. Two independent raters categorized intervention components and BCTs.

Results:

1.198 apps were identified in the systematic search. Of those, 69 apps were included in the final analysis. 58 out of 69 apps offered sounds (e.g. white noise, nature sounds). Furthermore, numerous apps assessed tinnitus characteristics (n = 38) and provided the user with information on tinnitus (n = 27). The BCTs primarily used were “instruction on how to perform the behavior” (n = 25), “feedback on behaviour” (n = 11), “behavioral practice/ rehearsal” (n = 11), “information about health consequences” (n = 11) “information about emotional consequences” (n = 11), and “prompts/cues” (n = 11).

Conclusions:

Most of the tinnitus apps offered sounds (e.g. white noise, nature sounds) Notably, other Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) elements (e.g. cognitive restructuring attention training or relaxation training) were implemented less frequently although CBT is recommended in tinnitus treatment guidelines. Future research on the efficacy of tinnitus apps is needed. With a large number of apps being offered on a low threshold, this study aims at providing an overview for research and health care professionals.