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Accepted for/Published in: Journal of Medical Internet Research

Date Submitted: Sep 3, 2024
Date Accepted: May 23, 2025

The final, peer-reviewed published version of this preprint can be found here:

AI and Machine Learning Terminology in Medicine, Psychology, and Social Sciences: Tutorial and Practical Recommendations

Cao B, Greiner R, Greenshaw A, Sui J

AI and Machine Learning Terminology in Medicine, Psychology, and Social Sciences: Tutorial and Practical Recommendations

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e66100

DOI: 10.2196/66100

PMID: 40825233

PMCID: 12360722

Warning: This is an author submission that is not peer-reviewed or edited. Preprints - unless they show as "accepted" - should not be relied on to guide clinical practice or health-related behavior and should not be reported in news media as established information.

A primer and practical recommendations for AI and machine learning terminology in medicine and behavioral sciences

  • Bo Cao; 
  • Russell Greiner; 
  • Andrew Greenshaw; 
  • Jie Sui

ABSTRACT

Recent applications of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning in medicine and behavioral sciences lead to common confusions about the terms used across the public and research communities. In the current paper, we summarize recent developments in this area and clarify the use of basic terms related to AI and machine learning in medicine and behavioral sciences, neuroscience, and psychology, including artificial intelligence (AI) - machine learning (ML) - deep learning (DL), prediction, testing - validation, overfitting, and regularized linear regression. We will provide practical recommendations for the use of these terms and related methods, and we hope this effort can help researchers in different disciplines communicate effectively with respect to AI analyses and translational medicine.


 Citation

Please cite as:

Cao B, Greiner R, Greenshaw A, Sui J

AI and Machine Learning Terminology in Medicine, Psychology, and Social Sciences: Tutorial and Practical Recommendations

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e66100

DOI: 10.2196/66100

PMID: 40825233

PMCID: 12360722

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