JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Health communication and promotion on the Internet have evolved over time, following the development of new technologies, including Generative AI (GenAI). These technological tools offer new opportunities for the public and professionals. However, these advancements also pose a risk of exacerbating health disparities. Limited research focus on these health communication channels by new technologies including GenAI and their use for health promotion. Therefore, this study provides a state-of-the-art overview of health communication channels, their practices, theoretical applications, and the digital divide on the Internet. Additionally, it conceptualizes public health promotion and health disparity in the era of GenAI by applying the Technology Acceptance Model 2 and Uses and Gratification Theory. This review discusses the limitations and barriers of previous communication channels on the Internet for real-time response, personalized advice, and follow-up inquiries, highlighting the potential of new technology for public health promotion. It also addresses how the limitations of GenAI, individuals' incapacity for information evaluation, access to services, and lack of prompt development skills might create health disparities. Overall, this study lays the groundwork for future research on how GenAI could be used for public health promotion and how its challenges and barriers may exacerbate health inequities. It underscores the need to enhance digital literacy and increase access to technology for disadvantaged populations.