Accepted for/Published in: Journal of Medical Internet Research
Date Submitted: Aug 25, 2024
Date Accepted: Nov 12, 2024
Warning: This is an author submission that is not peer-reviewed or edited. Preprints - unless they show as "accepted" - should not be relied on to guide clinical practice or health-related behavior and should not be reported in news media as established information.
Geographical Disparities in Research Misconduct: Analyzing Retraction Patterns by Country
ABSTRACT
This study analyzes the number of research misconduct retractions and their proportion relative to the total number of publications across 100 countries from 1996 to 2023, overall and the field of medicine. The findings reveal that China, the USA, and India have the highest number of retractions, with China significantly overrepresented. Additionally, the highest retraction proportions were observed in Ethiopia, Kazakhstan, and Saudi Arabia overall, and in Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and Sudan in medicine. These results underscore the need for stronger research oversight and ethical standards in regions with rapidly growing research activities.
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