Maintenance Notice

Due to necessary scheduled maintenance, the JMIR Publications website will be unavailable from Wednesday, July 01, 2020 at 8:00 PM to 10:00 PM EST. We apologize in advance for any inconvenience this may cause you.

Who will be affected?

Accepted for/Published in: JMIR Diabetes

Date Submitted: Aug 21, 2024
Open Peer Review Period: Aug 22, 2024 - Oct 17, 2024
Date Accepted: Mar 20, 2025
Date Submitted to PubMed: Apr 16, 2025
(closed for review but you can still tweet)

The final, peer-reviewed published version of this preprint can be found here:

An Exergames Program for Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: Qualitative Study of Acceptability

Mak SS, Nally LM, Montoya J, Marrero R, DeJonckheere M, Joiner KL, Nam S, Ash G

An Exergames Program for Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: Qualitative Study of Acceptability

JMIR Diabetes 2025;10:e65665

DOI: 10.2196/65665

PMID: 40238214

PMCID: 12159555

Warning: This is an author submission that is not peer-reviewed or edited. Preprints - unless they show as "accepted" - should not be relied on to guide clinical practice or health-related behavior and should not be reported in news media as established information.

An Exergames Program for Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: A Qualitative Study of Acceptability

  • Selene S Mak; 
  • Laura M Nally; 
  • Juanita Montoya; 
  • Rebecca Marrero; 
  • Melissa DeJonckheere; 
  • Kevin L Joiner; 
  • Soohyun Nam; 
  • Garrett Ash

ABSTRACT

Background:

Numerous barriers to moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) exist for youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The virtual exercise games for youth with T1D (ExerT1D) intervention implements synchronous support of MVPA including T1D peers and role models.

Objective:

To understand the acceptability of this intervention to participants.

Methods:

We conducted post-program, semi-structured, televideo interviews with participating youth to elicit perspectives on acceptability of the intervention and experience with the program. Two coders independently reviewed and analyzed each transcript using a coding scheme developed inductively by senior researchers. Discrepancies were resolved by team discussion, and multiple codes were grouped together to produce four main thematic areas.

Results:

All 15 participants provided interviews [14-19 years old; 2 non-binary, 6 females; 7.8% median HbA1c, 5 with HbA1c≥10.0%]. Qualitative data revealed four themes. (1) Motivation to engage in PA: Improving their physical capabilities and/or stabilizing glucose levels were cited as motivation for PA. Challenges of living with T1D were cited as PA barriers. (2) Experience with and motivation to manage diabetes while engaging in PA: Participants provided details of accommodating the inherent uncertainty or limitations of PA with diabetes. Sometimes preparing for PA involved psychological and motivational adjustments. Some relayed feelings of avoidance. (3) Peer support encouraged engagement with the intervention: Participants appreciated the peer aspects of components of ExerT1D. Participants’ reflections of the facilitated group experience highlight many benefits of a small-group virtual program. (4) Improvements in PA and diabetes self-management efficacy: All participants credited the program with improving and/or raising awareness of T1D management skills.

Conclusions:

Our virtual PA intervention using an active video game and discussion component provided adolescents with T1D the confidence and peer support to engage in PA, improve awareness of diabetes-specific tasks to prepare for exercise, and improved understanding of the effect of PA on glucose levels. Engaging youth with a virtual videogame intervention is a viable approach to overcome barriers to PA for adolescents with T1D. Clinical Trial: Interviewed participants of clinical trial NCT05163912


 Citation

Please cite as:

Mak SS, Nally LM, Montoya J, Marrero R, DeJonckheere M, Joiner KL, Nam S, Ash G

An Exergames Program for Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: Qualitative Study of Acceptability

JMIR Diabetes 2025;10:e65665

DOI: 10.2196/65665

PMID: 40238214

PMCID: 12159555

Download PDF


Request queued. Please wait while the file is being generated. It may take some time.

© The authors. All rights reserved. This is a privileged document currently under peer-review/community review (or an accepted/rejected manuscript). Authors have provided JMIR Publications with an exclusive license to publish this preprint on it's website for review and ahead-of-print citation purposes only. While the final peer-reviewed paper may be licensed under a cc-by license on publication, at this stage authors and publisher expressively prohibit redistribution of this draft paper other than for review purposes.