Previously submitted to: JMIR Aging (no longer under consideration since Jul 19, 2024)
Date Submitted: Jun 29, 2024
Warning: This is an author submission that is not peer-reviewed or edited. Preprints - unless they show as "accepted" - should not be relied on to guide clinical practice or health-related behavior and should not be reported in news media as established information.
Association between Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) and Natriuretic Peptide (NP) Deficiency Prevalence among the Elderly: A Cross-Sectional Study from NHANES 1999-2004
ABSTRACT
Background:
The natriuretic peptide (NP) family is a kind of hormones essential for cardiometabolic health，while Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) represents a significant risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases. However, the relationship between PEM and NP deficiency remains unclear.
Objective:
This study aims to examine the relationship between PEM and the prevalence of NP deficiency in the older population.
Methods:
In this study, we investigate associations between PEM and NP deficiency in a robust, ethnically diverse sample of 3011 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 1999 and 2004.
Results:
Our findings reveal that PEM is a risk factor for NP deficiency, with an association persisting even after adjusting for a wide array of potential confounders (low risk vs major risk: OR = 0.0000022038, 95% CI: 0.0000007555, 0.0000064287; no risk vs major risk: OR = 0.0000018288, 95% CI: 0.0000005588, 0.0000059850; P for trend = 0.22). Furthermore, we observe a U-shaped nonlinear association between PEM and NP deficiency. Subgroup analysis and interaction testing reveal significant correlations between this positive association and stratification variables including age, gender, race, alcohol status, poverty income ratio, education level, and hypertension (p for interaction < 0.05).
Conclusions:
Our research demonstrates a significant association between PEM and NP deficiency. Further investigations could focus on determining the causal relationship between PEM and NP deficiency.
Citation
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