JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

Nature engagement, including affective and physical interactions with nature, is linked to a multitude of health and well-being benefits. University students tend to engage little with nature and the use of technology is rapidly increasing, contributing to further disconnection from nature.

Objective:

This randomized controlled trial investigated the effectiveness of virtual nature in promoting nature engagement among university students, comparing an immersive vs. a non-immersive means of delivery.

Methods:

Thirty-eight students recruited at the library of a university campus were randomized, using a random number generator, to view a video of a local natural environment either through a head-mounted display (n = 20), or a tablet screen (n = 18). They were then invited to participate in an organized hiking tour at the location displayed during the virtual nature experience.

Results:

The findings showed statistically significant pre-to-post increases, with no difference between conditions, in Nature connectedness (F(1,36) = 33.49, p < .001, ηp2 = 0.48), Intention to perform green exercise (F(1,36) = 5.55, p = .024, ηp2 = 0.13), Intention to visit the hiking location (F(1,36) = 15.34, p < .001, ηp2 = 0.26), and Intention to participate in the hiking tour (F(1,36) = 12.450, p = .001, ηp2 = 0.30). Six students participated in the organized tour, with no differences between conditions. The participants’ changes in Nature connectedness (ρ = .35; p = .029) and participation in the hiking tour (ρ = .37; p = .021) correlated with “Being there”.

Conclusions:

Regardless of the levels of immersion, virtual nature experiences can be an effective strategy to improve nature engagement among university students.