JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

Telehealth approaches can address health care access barriers and improve care delivery in resource-limited settings around the globe. Yet, telehealth adoption in Africa has been limited, due in part to an insufficient understanding of effective strategies for implementation.

Objective:

This study aimed to conduct a multi-level formative evaluation identifying barriers and facilitators for implementing telehealth among health service providers and patients in Central Uganda.

Methods:

We collected surveys characterizing telehealth perceptions, barriers, and preferences from healthcare providers and patients seeking primary care in the Central Region of Uganda from January 2022 to July 2022. Survey development was informed by the technology acceptance model, and evaluated predictors of technology acceptance (i.e., perceived usefulness, ease of use, and attitudes). We used descriptive statistics to characterize telehealth perceptions and examined differences according to provider and patient characteristics using Student’s t-tests.

Results:

Nearly 79% of 61 providers surveyed had used telehealth and perceptions were generally favorable. While 93.4% reported that telehealth adds value to clinical practice, less than half (49.2%) felt telehealth was more efficient than in-person visits. Provider-reported barriers to telehealth included technology challenges for the patient (26%), low patient engagement (19%), and lack of implementation support (18%). Telehealth use was lower among the 91 surveyed patients, with only 19.8% having used telehealth. Perceptions of telehealth were less favorable among patients than providers, with 60.0% of patients reporting satisfaction with telehealth services. Although 75.5% of patients reported saving time with telehealth approaches, 33.3% of patients reported that telehealth made them feel uncomfortable, and 43.8% reported concerns about confidentiality. Several differences in perceptions of telehealth according to patient’ self-reported health status were observed.

Conclusions:

Perceptions of telehealth were generally favorable, although higher among providers than patients. Barriers impeding telehealth use include technology challenges and the lack of infrastructure and implementation support. Findings from this study can inform the implementation of acceptable telehealth approaches to address disparities propagated by healthcare access barriers in Sub-Saharan Africa.