Accepted for/Published in: Journal of Medical Internet Research
Date Submitted: May 19, 2024
Date Accepted: Mar 7, 2025
Health Coaching and its impact in the Remote Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients – A scoping review of literature
ABSTRACT
Background:
Health coaching refers to the practice of health education and promotion to drive goal-directed behavioural changes and improve an individual’s well-being. Remote patient monitoring systems which employ health coaching interventions have been gaining interest and may aid in the management of patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Objective:
This review aims to summarize the impact of health coaching in the remote monitoring of T2DM patients.
Methods:
A scoping review was performed in Medline®, Embase®, CINAHL®, Psychinfo® and Web of Science® up till July 2023 and was reported using the PRISMA-ScR checklist. Studies which evaluated the impact of health coaching on remote management of T2DM patients were included. Outcomes evaluated were grouped into clinical, behavioural, knowledge, humanistic, economic, and other domains.
Results:
Of 137,703 citations, a total of 85 studies were included. Majority of studies were conducted in North America (n=49, 57.4%) and Asia (n=25, 29.4%). Most studies employed nurses (n=35, 41.2%) as health coaches. Phone consultations were the most common modality of remote monitoring (47.1%). The follow-up duration of most studies was less than 1 year (94.1%). Majority of studies showed improvement in diabetes control (70.8%) and self-efficacy/self-care scores (71.4%). Pertaining to humanistic outcomes, health coaching was not associated with improvement in quality of life (71.4%) for T2DM patients. Majority of studies (80%) did not show reduction in healthcare utilization.
Conclusions:
Health coaching is associated with improved diabetes control and self-efficacy among T2DM patients on remote monitoring. More studies are required to elicit optimal duration and long-term outcomes from digital health coaching. Clinical Trial: Not applicable
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