Accepted for/Published in: JMIR Public Health and Surveillance
Date Submitted: Apr 16, 2024
Date Accepted: Jun 20, 2024
Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of type 2 diabetes in South Korea, 1998–2022: a nationwide cross-sectional study
ABSTRACT
Background:
The development and control of type 2 diabetes are associated to lifestyle and socioeconomic factors, which have been dramatically modified during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Objective:
we aimed to investigate long-term trends in type 2 diabetes prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control, including the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods:
This study examined long-term trends in type 2 diabetes prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in a representative sample of 139,786 people aged over 30 years in South Korea, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, covering the period 1998 to 2022. Weighted linear regression and binary logistic regression were performed to calculate weighted β coefficients or odd ratios with 95% CIs. Stratified analyses were performed, considering sex, age, region of residence, obesity status, educational background, household income, and smoking status. βdiff was calculated to analyze the trend difference between the pre-COVID-19 pandemic and the COVID-19 pandemic.
Results:
During the pandemic (2020–2022), type 2 diabetes prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control among treatment increased, and the trend was steeper than before the pandemic (1998–2019). The statistics for the pandemic were as follows: prevalence, 15.61% (95% CI, 14.83–16.38); awareness, 72.56% (70.39–74.72); treatment, 68.33% (65.95–70.71); control among prevalence, 29.14% (26.82–31.47); and control among treatment, 30.68% (27.88–33.48). The older population and female sex showed higher prevalence, and treatment while obesity groups exhibited heightened prevalence but lower awareness and control. Higher educational backgrounds and household income were associated with lower levels of awareness, treatment, and control.
Conclusions:
Comparing before and after the pandemic, type 2 diabetes awareness, treatment, and control among treatment increased, while prevalence and control among prevalence did not change. Heterogeneous outcomes were observed among population groups with different socioeconomic profiles, suggesting that the pandemic affected type 2 diabetes differently in different population subgroups
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