Previously submitted to: JMIR Mental Health (no longer under consideration since Apr 12, 2024)
Date Submitted: Apr 11, 2024
Open Peer Review Period: Apr 12, 2024 - Apr 12, 2024
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Effect of active music therapy conducted by medical professionals on reducing agitation in patients with dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
ABSTRACT
Background:
Music therapy (MT) has been suggested to be effective at reducing agitation in patients with dementia. However, some randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and high-quality reviews have indicated that MT might not be effective at reducing agitation. In addition, the efficacy of MT might differ among methods and professionals, an important question that has not been adequately addressed.
Objective:
To evaluate the effects of MT on agitation in patients with dementia compared with those of general therapy (GT).
Methods:
RCTs evaluating the efficacy of MTs in reducing agitation in patients with dementia were identified from MEDLINE, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library. The primary outcome was reduced agitation estimated by the alternation of standard assessments in MT and GT; a subgroup analysis compared the effectiveness of different MT methods, the intensity of treatment, and the severity of agitation. All outcomes were measured using standard assessment tools. The heterogeneity of the studies was examined. The quality of the studies and risk of bias were assessed. The effects were pooled by performing a meta-analysis.
Results:
Nine RCTs involving 507 participants with dementia were included. No significant differences in agitation were found between participants receiving MT or those receiving GT. According to the subgroup analysis, no significant differences in music therapy performed by music therapists vs. other medical professionals, conducted in group therapy vs. individual therapy, conducted with prescribed music vs. using individualized music, applied in institutes vs. communities, conducted with interventions < 2 times a week vs. interventions ≥ 2 times a week, or among patients with mild to moderate dementia vs. severe dementia were observed.
Conclusions:
The present meta-analysis indicated that MT is not significantly effective at reducing agitation compared with GT in patients with dementia. More high-quality RCTs are needed to ascertain the effect of MT on dementia.
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