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Accepted for/Published in: JMIR Formative Research

Date Submitted: Apr 10, 2024
Date Accepted: Nov 9, 2024

The final, peer-reviewed published version of this preprint can be found here:

Involving End Users in the Development and Usability Testing of a Smartphone App Designed for Individuals With Prediabetes: Mixed-Methods Focus Group Study

Grieve N, Braaten K, MacPherson M, Liu S, Jung ME

Involving End Users in the Development and Usability Testing of a Smartphone App Designed for Individuals With Prediabetes: Mixed-Methods Focus Group Study

JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e59386

DOI: 10.2196/59386

PMID: 39935015

PMCID: 11835782

Warning: This is an author submission that is not peer-reviewed or edited. Preprints - unless they show as "accepted" - should not be relied on to guide clinical practice or health-related behavior and should not be reported in news media as established information.

Usability testing of a smartphone application designed for individuals with prediabetes: Involving end-users in development

  • Natalie Grieve; 
  • Kyra Braaten; 
  • Megan MacPherson; 
  • Sam Liu; 
  • Mary E. Jung

ABSTRACT

Background:

Background:

Technology is more likely to be used when it is designed to meet the needs of end-users. To supplement the [PROGRAM] diabetes prevention program, a smartphone application was developed in partnership with past [PROGRAM] clientele.

Objective:

A focus group with seven participants was conducted to examine the application’s usability and collect feedback for future iterations.

Methods:

Past [PROGRAM] clientele participated in a cognitive walkthrough (CW) of eight novel tasks and completed the System Usability Scale (SUS) survey. Participants were then given the option to use the application for three weeks before completing the user Mobile Application Rating Scale (uMARS).

Results:

Analysis of the CW identified 26 usability problems; each were coded using a heuristic evaluation to describe usability errors. The most frequently coded errors included inappropriate progress feedback, information appearing in an illogical order, counterintuitive design, and issues with application aesthetics. A mean summary score of 66.8% was reported for the SUS, representing a marginal acceptability score and indicating that design issues needed to be resolved. A uMARS mean score of 3.59±0.33 was reported, implying an average acceptability rating.

Conclusions:

These findings identified necessary improvements in the application, ranging from minor aesthetic problems to major functionality problems. Involving end-users allows the application to be tailored to the client’s preferences and increases the likelihood of usage. This application aligns with [PROGRAM]’s program components and behavior change techniques which can improve health outcomes for future clients and allow them to self-monitor their exercise, diet, and goals.


 Citation

Please cite as:

Grieve N, Braaten K, MacPherson M, Liu S, Jung ME

Involving End Users in the Development and Usability Testing of a Smartphone App Designed for Individuals With Prediabetes: Mixed-Methods Focus Group Study

JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e59386

DOI: 10.2196/59386

PMID: 39935015

PMCID: 11835782

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