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Accepted for/Published in: JMIR Medical Education

Date Submitted: Apr 2, 2024
Open Peer Review Period: Apr 2, 2024 - May 28, 2024
Date Accepted: Jan 2, 2025
(closed for review but you can still tweet)

The final, peer-reviewed published version of this preprint can be found here:

Media-Induced and Psychological Factors That Foster Empathy Through Virtual Reality in Nursing Education: 2×2 Between-Subjects Experimental Study

Huang KT, Ma Z, Yao L

Media-Induced and Psychological Factors That Foster Empathy Through Virtual Reality in Nursing Education: 2×2 Between-Subjects Experimental Study

JMIR Med Educ 2025;11:e59083

DOI: 10.2196/59083

PMID: 40163855

PMCID: 11975256

Fostering Affective Empathy through Virtual Reality: Exploring Media-Induced and Psychological Factors in Nursing Education

  • Kuo-Ting Huang; 
  • Zexin Ma; 
  • Lan Yao

ABSTRACT

Background:

The transformation of healthcare education is underway, driven by advancements in immersive technologies like Virtual Reality (VR). VR has shown potential in enhancing surgical training, visualizing complex biomedical processes, and fostering empathy in patient care.

Objective:

This study aims to investigate the influence of VR and perspective-taking on affective empathy among nursing students, addressing a gap in the literature and extending beyond cognitive empathy.

Methods:

A 2 × 2 between-subjects design involving 69 nursing undergraduates from two Midwest universities was used. The study examined the impact of the media platform (VR vs. non-VR) and perspective-taking (parents vs. clinicians) on perceived self-location, narrative transportation, emotional engagement, and affective empathy using the narrative-focused video game "That Dragon, Cancer."

Results:

VR significantly enhanced perceived self-location, and adopting a clinician's perspective increased emotional engagement. However, VR did not significantly affect narrative transportation. An interaction effect was found between the platform and perspective on narrative transportation. Indirect effects of media elements on affective empathy through other psychological factors were also highlighted.

Conclusions:

VR has the potential to be a powerful tool in medical education, especially in fostering affective empathy. The study underscores the importance of perspective-taking in designing immersive learning experiences and advocates for the broader integration of VR technologies in medical curricula to enhance instructional quality and patient-centered care.


 Citation

Please cite as:

Huang KT, Ma Z, Yao L

Media-Induced and Psychological Factors That Foster Empathy Through Virtual Reality in Nursing Education: 2×2 Between-Subjects Experimental Study

JMIR Med Educ 2025;11:e59083

DOI: 10.2196/59083

PMID: 40163855

PMCID: 11975256

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