JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

Online weight loss programs have ambiguous efficacy. There is a growing body of evidence that weight loss programs when combined with apps have better outcomes; however, many apps lack an evidence-based approach to dietary changes for weight loss and do not rely on a theoretical framework for behavior change.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to use an evidence-based approach to weight loss using behavior change techniques (BCTs) in the development of a web application that supports a comprehensive online weight loss program.

Methods:

The primary intervention components were a nutrient and a weight tracking chart that had been previously developed as a part of an in-person weight loss program. These charts were programmed into an interactive web application. The app was conceptually designed, piloted in clinical trials, and user group tested. Prior to designing a prototype, a review of BCTs in weight loss and web applications was performed as well as an assessment of user needs. The development phase involved the creation of the web app prototype. Feasibility testing was performed by actual participants of the comprehensive online program in two clinical trials. The final stage was a structured user group test completed by developers, researchers, and nutrition students over the course of three months.

Results:

The process resulted in a fully developed web application, MealPlot, for meal planning and weight tracking that can be used by weight loss users and health professionals to track their patients. MealPlot includes a weight chart, a protein-fiber (PF) chart, and a chat feature. Additionally, MealPlot has two distinct platforms, one for weight loss users and one for health professionals. The health professional platform allows for viewing of their patients’ data for advising. The weight chart and PF chart are embedded with BCTs such as but not limited to goal setting, timely feedback, problem solving, and self-monitoring. The social interaction BCT was incorporated by allowing for health professionals to monitor and chat with patients through the app.

Conclusions:

The web application, MealPlot, was developed to improve outcomes and functionality of a comprehensive weight loss program with incorporation of evidence based BCTs. MealPlot aids those seeking weight loss by developing food selecting skills for safe and sustainable weight loss, self-monitoring weight, and connecting users to health professionals for consistent guidance that is not otherwise available in a traditional in-person health care setting. The final version of the web application will be refined based on findings of a review study gathering feedback from health professionals and from actual weight loss users who are part of a clinical weight loss trial.