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Accepted for/Published in: JMIR Serious Games

Date Submitted: Feb 17, 2024
Date Accepted: Dec 22, 2024

The final, peer-reviewed published version of this preprint can be found here:

Comparing In-Person, Standard Telehealth, and Remote Musculoskeletal Examination With a Novel Augmented Reality Exercise Game System: Pilot Cross-Sectional Comparison Study

Wu R, Chakka K, Belko S, Khargonkar N, Desai K, Prabhakaran B, Annaswamy T

Comparing In-Person, Standard Telehealth, and Remote Musculoskeletal Examination With a Novel Augmented Reality Exercise Game System: Pilot Cross-Sectional Comparison Study

JMIR Serious Games 2025;13:e57443

DOI: 10.2196/57443

PMID: 39912298

PMCID: 11822405

Comparing In-Person, Standard Telehealth, and Remote Musculoskeletal Examination with a Novel Augmented Reality Exercise Game System: A Pilot Study

  • Richard Wu; 
  • Keerthana Chakka; 
  • Sara Belko; 
  • Ninad Khargonkar; 
  • Kevin Desai; 
  • Balakrishnan Prabhakaran; 
  • Thiru Annaswamy

ABSTRACT

Background:

Current telemedicine technology is not optimized for conducting physical examinations. The Virtual Remote Tele-Physical Examination (VIRTEPEX) system, a novel proprietary technology platform which uses a Microsoft Kinect-based augmented reality game system to track motion and estimate force, has potential to assist with conducting asynchronous, remote musculoskeletal examination.

Objective:

This pilot study evaluates the feasibility of the VIRTEPEX system for supplementing telehealth musculoskeletal strength assessments.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional pilot study, 12 study participants with upper extremity pain and/or weakness underwent in-person, telehealth, VIRTEPEX, and composite (telehealth plus VIRTEPEX) strength evaluations for four upper extremity movements. Evaluators were blinded to one another’s evaluations. The primary outcome was feasibility, as determined by participant study recruitment, completion, and safety. The secondary outcome was preliminary assessment of inter-rater agreements between in-person, telehealth, and VIRTEPEX strength assessments, plus kappa statistical calculations.

Results:

This pilot study had an 80% recruitment rate, 100% completion rate, and 0 adverse events. In-person and telehealth evaluations had highest overall agreement (85.71%), greater than the agreements between in-person and VIRTEPEX (62.50%), in-person and composite (75%), and telehealth and VIRTEPEX evaluations (62.50%). However, for shoulder flexion, agreement between in-person and VIRTEPEX (78.57%, κ=0.571, 95% CI of 0.183 to 0.960), and also in-person and composite evaluations (78.57%, κ=0.571, 95% CI of 0.183 to 0.960), was greater than that for in-person and telehealth (71.43%, κ=0.429, 95% CI of -0.025 to 0.882).

Conclusions:

This work demonstrates the feasibility of asynchronous VIRTEPEX examination and supports the potential for VIRTEPEX to supplement and add value to standard telehealth platforms. Further study, with additional development of VIRTEPEX and larger sample size for adequate power, is warranted. Clinical Trial: This pilot study did not qualify as a clinical trial, and thus does not have a trial registration number.


 Citation

Please cite as:

Wu R, Chakka K, Belko S, Khargonkar N, Desai K, Prabhakaran B, Annaswamy T

Comparing In-Person, Standard Telehealth, and Remote Musculoskeletal Examination With a Novel Augmented Reality Exercise Game System: Pilot Cross-Sectional Comparison Study

JMIR Serious Games 2025;13:e57443

DOI: 10.2196/57443

PMID: 39912298

PMCID: 11822405

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